Compression Stockings: Benefits, Types, and How to Choose the Right Fit

Compression stockings are designed to improve blood circulation, reduce swelling, and help prevent conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Compression stockings are generally safe for most people when properly fitted, but if you have a specific medical condition, it is important to consult a healthcare provider before use.

These stockings apply gentle pressure to the legs, aiding the veins in functioning more efficiently and reducing the risk of clot formation. The graduated compression helps move blood from the superficial veins into the deep veins, keeping blood flowing efficiently toward the heart and reducing the risk of blood pooling or clot formation in the deep veins.

Types of Compression Stockings

There are two primary types of compression stockings:

• Graduated Compression Stockings: These compression stockings use graduated pressure, meaning they provide the highest pressure at the ankle and gradually decrease as they move up the leg. This controlled application of pressure helps promote blood flow and is commonly recommended for DVT prevention and circulation issues.

• Uniform Compression Stockings: Apply the same level of pressure throughout the covered area. These are typically used for general support and comfort.

Compression stockings are available in different styles, such as knee high, thigh high, and pantyhose, to suit various needs.

Who Should Wear Compression Stockings?

Compression stockings can benefit individuals who:

• Have a history of blood clots or DVT, or other risk factors such as obesity or hormonal therapy, as these individuals are at higher risk for developing deep vein thrombosis

• Experience leg swelling or chronic venous insufficiency

• Suffer from post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS)

• Spend long hours standing or sitting, such as during travel, especially on long flights, long haul flights, or other extended periods of immobility, including air travel and long periods at work

• Are recovering from surgery, particularly orthopedic procedures, or are on prolonged bed rest, as these high risk situations may require the medical use of compression stockings

• Have varicose veins or other circulatory conditions

How Do Compression Stockings Work?

Compression stockings gently squeeze the lower legs by applying controlled pressure, which helps improve blood flow and enhance circulation toward the heart. The pressures used in these stockings are specifically designed to prevent blood from pooling in the affected area and to reduce the risk of clotting. This can:

• Prevent blood from pooling in the veins and lower legs

• Reduce the risk of clot formation, including both symptomatic DVT and symptomless DVT, and help prevent complications such as pulmonary embolism and venous thromboembolism by stopping clots from forming or traveling (clot travels) from one leg to the lungs

• Decrease leg swelling and discomfort, and help reduce pain in people with leg pain or swollen legs

• Improve circulation in individuals with venous insufficiency

Compression stockings are available in different compression strengths and pressures, including firm compression and extra firm options, to suit individual needs and provide optimal therapeutic benefits, especially in severe cases.

Choosing the Right Compression Stockings

Selecting the correct compression level and fit is essential for maximizing the benefits of compression stockings.

Compression Levels
Compression stockings come in different pressure levels, measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg):

• Mild (8-15 mmHg): Provides light support for minor swelling and fatigue.

• Moderate (15-20 mmHg): Helps prevent DVT, mild varicose veins, and swelling during travel.

• Firm (20-30 mmHg): Recommended for moderate swelling, varicose veins, and post-surgical recovery.

• Extra Firm (30-40 mmHg): Used for severe venous disorders and advanced cases of DVT or PTS.

When choosing compression socks, it is important to select the right compression strength and pressure for your needs. Most people can safely wear compression socks for a few hours at a time unless otherwise directed by a healthcare provider. In some medical situations, compression stockings can also help stabilize blood pressure.

Sizing and Fit
Proper fit is crucial for effectiveness and comfort. Always select the correct size to avoid the risks associated with the wrong size, such as discomfort, poor circulation, or reduced effectiveness. Measure your legs in the morning before swelling sets in, focusing on:

• Ankle circumference

• Calf circumference

• Thigh circumference (if using thigh-high stockings)

• Leg length

Compression stockings should be snug but not painfully tight. If your compression socks feel uncomfortable or cause skin irritation, it may be due to the wrong size or improper fit—consult a healthcare provider for guidance. Avoid rolling or folding the stockings, as this can create a tourniquet effect, restricting blood flow and causing additional problems.

Medical grade compression socks and compression sleeves are available for specific medical needs. Compression sleeves, which are footless, may be easier to put on for some users, especially those with limited mobility. Always follow professional advice when you wear compression socks or are wearing compression socks for health reasons. A doctor or medical supplier can help determine the best size and type for your needs.

How to Wear Compression Stockings

• Put the stocking or socks on in the morning before swelling begins.

• Ensure the stocking is smooth and wrinkle-free to prevent discomfort.

• Avoid rolling or folding the stocking down, as this can restrict circulation.

• Anyone who wears compression stockings or socks should ensure proper fit and comfort throughout the day.

• Wear them consistently as recommended by a healthcare provider.

• Tip: Wearing compression stockings or socks can help your legs feel less tired or achy after long periods of standing or sitting.

Final Thoughts

Compression stockings are an effective tool for improving circulation, reducing swelling, and preventing serious conditions like DVT. Choosing the right type, compression level, and fit is essential for maximizing their benefits. If you are considering compression therapy, consult a healthcare professional to ensure you select the best option for your needs.